What is Ebstein's anomaly?

a congenital heart defect characterised by low insertion of the tricuspid valve resulting in a large atrium and small ventricle

What can cause Ebstein's anomaly?

may be caused by exposure to lithium in-utero

What other cardiac abnormalities are associated with Ebstein's anomaly?

• patent foramen ovale (PFO) or atrial septal defect (ASD) is seen in at least 80% of patients, resulting in a shunt between the right and left atria
• Wolff-Parkinson White syndrome

What are the clinical features of Ebstein's anomaly?

• cyanosis
• prominent 'a' wave in the distended jugular venous pulse,
• hepatomegaly
• tricuspid regurgitation
• pansystolic murmur, worse on inspiration
• right bundle branch block → widely split S1 and S2