What is Epididymo-orchitis?

an infection of the epididymis +/- testes resulting in pain and swelling

What are the main clinical features of Epididymo-orchitis?

• unilateral testicular pain and swelling
• urethral discharge may be present, but urethritis is often asymptomatic

How is Epididymo-orchitis diagnosed?

• in younger adults assess for sexually transmitted infections (STI)
• in older adults with a low-risk sexual history send a mid-stream urine (MSU) for microscopy and culture

What is the causative bacteria of Epididymo-orchitis?

most commonly caused by local spread of infections from the genital tract (such as Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, typically seen in sexually active younger adults) or the bladder (E. coli, typically seen in older adults with a low-risk sexual history).

What is the most important differential to rule out in regards to possible Epididymo-orchitis?

testicular torsion