What is the common presentation of Haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

• acute kidney injury
• microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia
• thrombocytopenia

What patient groups is Haemolytic uraemic syndrome most common?

generally seen in young children

What is the management of Haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

• mainly supportive e.g. Fluids, blood transfusion and dialysis if required
• plasma exchange can be used in severe cases
• eculizumab (a C5 inhibitor monoclonal antibody) has evidence of greater efficiency than plasma exchange alone in the treatment of adult atypical HUS

What are the main causes of Haemolytic uraemic syndrome?

Most cases are secondary:

• classically Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) 0157:H7 (90% of cases in children)
• pneumococcal infection
• HIV
• rare: systemic lupus erythematosus, drugs, cancer

What is primary Haemolytic uraemic syndrome caused by?

due to complement dysregulation