What is the Leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young athletes?

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy

What genetic change causes Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

Usually due to a mutation in the gene encoding β-myosin heavy chain protein

What are the echo findings in Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy?

• MR
• systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the anterior mitral valve
• asymmetric septal hypertrophy

What is Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

Right ventricular myocardium is replaced by fatty and fibrofatty tissue

What is the commonest gene mutation to cause Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

Around 50% of patients have a mutation of one of the several genes which encode components of desmosome

What are the ECG changes found in Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia?

• ECG abnormalities in V1-3, typically T wave inversion.
• An epsilon wave is found in about 50% of those with ARV - this is best described as a terminal notch in the QRS complex

What are the causes of Dilated cardiomyopathy?

• alcohol
• Coxsackie B virus
• wet beri beri
• doxorubicin

What are the causes of Restrictive cardiomyopathy?

• amyloidosis
• post-radiotherapy
• Loeffler's endocarditis

What is Takotsubo cardiomyopathy?

'Stress'-induced cardiomyopathy e.g. patient just found out family member dies then develops chest pain and features of heart failure

What are Infective causes of cardiomyopathy?

• Coxsackie B virus
• Chagas disease

What are Toxicity causes of cardiomyopathy?

• Doxorubicin
• Alcoholic cardiomyopathy

What are Endocrine causes of cardiomyopathy?

• Diabetes mellitus
• Thyrotoxicosis
• Acromegaly

What are Neuromuscular causes of cardiomyopathy?

• Friedreich's ataxia
• Duchenne-Becker muscular dystrophy
• Myotonic dystrophy

What are Autoimmune causes of cardiomyopathy?

Systemic lupus erythematosis